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Below we provide you with information about techniques to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic cells:
Techniques to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic cells
1-Half Cut Cells Technology:
The half-cell technology can be used in mono or polycarbonate cells, and one cell inside the panel is divided into two halves with high precision and using a laser.
This firstly improves the resistance of the cells to scratches, cracks and breakage
It also improves the performance and productivity of cells, and we will discuss this in the following lines.
– Reducing loss of efficiency: As we know, cell loss is expressed
According to the following equation, electrical losses = (current passing)2 x resistance
Therefore, cutting the cells in half reduces the current passing while the resistance remains the same
Looking at the equation, if the passing current is reduced, the electrical loss will also be reduced
– Greater ability to tolerate shade: In conventional cells, the cells are arranged in rows and connected sequentially
If one cell of the row is shaded and is not producing energy, the rest of the row will also stop producing energy.
The exact same thing applies to the half-cell technique if one cell is shaded
The entire row will stop producing, but let us note here that dividing the cells in half doubles the number of rows
This means that one row in a traditional cell is equal to two rows in a half cell
Therefore, stopping one row in traditional cells will disrupt production twice as much as the row in half-cell cells.
2- BERC Cells technology:
In general, solar cells consist of three layers
(Front conduction layer – absorption layer, which is responsible for generating energy – back conduction layer)
In Burke cells there is another layer behind the back conduction layer, which is the passivation layer
The passivation layer increases the efficiency of absorbing energy from sunlight by reflecting light through the cell.
This process takes place by means of solar radiation being absorbed in the absorption layer
While the remaining section crosses inside the cell to reach the surface coated with the passivation layer
Which in turn reflects solar radiation towards the absorption layer so that more of the energy contained in the solar radiation is absorbed.
The second benefit of the passivation layer lies in reducing the temperature of the solar cell.
The silicon wafer in conventional cells can absorb light with a maximum wavelength of 1180 nanometers
More than that passes through the silicon layer to reach the metal part of the cell, where it is absorbed and transformed into heat that reduces the efficiency of the solar cell.
The passivation layer in PERC cells reflects light rays with a wavelength greater than 1180 nanometers, thus reducing the cell temperature and thus increasing its efficiency.
The third benefit of the passivation layer is to reduce the combination of electrons in the light and thus extract a greater amount of energy from the same amount of light.
The last advantage of the passivation layer is its ability to absorb different wavelengths.
As we know, light consists of several wavelengths. Short wavelengths are absorbed in the atmosphere, while long wavelengths reach the cell.
Therefore, the cell must be designed and manufactured to be able to absorb the maximum possible range of different wavelengths.
When there are clouds or when the sun is absent or rising, the wavelengths are different from the daytime situation.
Therefore, traditional cells are unable to capture these different longitudinal waves.
As for Perk cells, the passivation layer captures these longitudinal waves and reflects them back to the absorption layer in the middle to turn them into energy.
3- Bifacial Cells Technology:
It is a simple technology that relies on adding a conductive layer to the back of the cell. Thus, the cell is able to absorb direct light from the sun as well as light reflected from surfaces at ground level.
This technology depends on several factors, the most important of which are as follows:
– The location of the station’s implementation, because the rays or light reflected from surfaces or from the ground depend on the location of that spot in relation to the sun.
– Angle of inclination of cells: As the angle of inclination increases, the light passing through the Earth’s surface increases, and thus the reflected rays also increase
– Horizontal distance between cells: The greater the horizontal distance, the more light passes and is reflected from the Earth’s surface
– Illumination factor: It is a coefficient that evaluates the percentage of light reflection from surfaces. Every surface or material has a different ability to reflect light than its counterpart. For example, the percentage of the lighting coefficient for green grass is 23%, while cement is 16%. If cement is painted white, it is 60-80%.
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