What is salinity?

Soil salinity andIts effect on the plant

What is salinity:

Natural water contains salts such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium chloride,

which is one of the most common types. It is the main component of seawater.

Soil salinity:

It is the occurrence of a quantitative accumulation of dissolved salts in the root area,

which spreads in such a high concentration that it hinders the optimal growth of the plant

and turns the soil sector into an unsuitable environment for the spread of the roots.

The dissolved salts consist mainly of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, potassium, bicarbonate, nitrate and, in a minor way, boron.

The process of salt accumulation in the soil is affected by the water balance of the region.

This water balance is also affected by climatic and topographical conditions in addition to human activity.

The effect of salt on plants

The effect of salt on plants can be summarized in two factors:

1- High osmotic pressure.

2- The cumulative effect of toxic ions.

First: When salts increase in the soil sector, the osmotic pressure increases in the area where plant roots spread.

In order for the plant to resist these unfavorable conditions in the vegetative and vegetative soil solution.

The cells of anaerobic and vegetative plants begin,
Which leads to the plant losing the vital energy necessary for its development and growth.

Which leads to the plant losing the vital energy necessary for its development and growth.

Second: The cumulative effect of toxic ions:

The rate of absorption of toxic ions such as chlorine, boron and sodium through the roots increases in the presence of a high percentage of salts in the soil solution.

This is called the specific effect of salts.

The high percentage of these elements in plant leaves hinders nutrition and absorption of other elements.

Increasing its concentration is also sufficient to cause ionic toxicity to plants,
For example, the effect of boron on plants is qualitative because it affects the growth of many plants.

Effect of salinity of irrigation water:

1-The salinity of irrigation water affects soil fertility through the accumulation of dissolved salts on the surface of the soil and in the root zone, depending on the type of soil.

2- Using salt water for irrigation, especially in muddy lands, leads to the destruction of soil structures and makes them less permeable and unventilated.

3-The salinity of irrigation water affects the productivity of plants, as agricultural crops differ in their sensitivity to salts dissolved in irrigation water.

If we agree that water salinity plays an important role in determining the quality of crops and thus maintain the integrity of the soil and the crop

It remains for us to determine our scientific steps before planting:

First: Determine the exact location of the land and know the characteristics of the soil in the plot

to determine the type of crop to be grown
To avoid previous damage by water salts and their impact on the crop soil.

In the event that the percentage of salts in the ground or water is not known,
Scientific methods must be used to determine the percentage of salts through geophysical studies of the Earth’s layers.

What are exploratory studies (geophysical studies).

Geophysical studies (palpation):

It is the practical branch of geophysics that uses Earth-specific methods to measure the physical properties of the subsurface layer

In addition to anomalies of these properties in order to explore or infer the presence of raw minerals,

underground water reservoirs and other geological structures.
That’s why soil digging machines are used

Importance of Geophysics:

Geophysics is the scientific and studied form of the well drilling process. This means that we benefit from the following study:

1- The possibility of the presence of water or not

2- Determine whether the water is fresh or salty and this is the percentage of salinity

3- The most suitable place on ground level to dig the well

4- The appropriate depth for digging

Thus, we learned about the importance of soil probing machines

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